Found this little gem. Can't verify that it is 100% correct but it looks pretty damn good. So even if you can't find the time to head over to Tribble to test things out for yourself, you can still play around and see what each skill does, and what you'll get. The Career Path unlocks aren't available, so it would behoove you to look them up and see how much you have to spend in a particular path to unlock them. Enjoy!
http://www.stf-vanguard.com/STO-Skill-Planner/
I almost forgot. Apparently, the Shield Penetration Skill will be changed to a Shield Weakening Skill. You can read about it here:
http://www.arcgames.com/en/forums/startrekonline#/discussion/comment/12893781